It is estimated that the risk of progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma is approximately 1% per year. 1 The majority of MGUS cases arise from a malignant plasma cell clone in the bone marrow that does not reach the diagnostic threshold of multiple myeloma. Until recently, the incidence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) was based on studies from Olmsted County, Minnesota, and from Scandinavian health records, indicating an incidence of approximately 1%. Waldenström macroglobulinemia is an important cause of IgM monoclonal gammopathy, which can be associated with a wide variety of clinical features recently developed targeted therapies can achieve durable responses.Ī monoclonal gammopathy is a laboratory-based finding that is being increasingly recognized in the aging population. Light-chain amyloidosis incidence is paramount given that delayed diagnosis hampers treatment success and may result in irreversible organ damage.Īccurate typing of amyloidosis is important in distinguishing between light-chain, transthyretin, and other forms of amyloidosis. Smoldering multiple myeloma is a clinical entity that does not require immediate treatment, but selected patients with high-risk disease require more frequent follow-up. Monoclonal gammopathies represent a broad differential diagnosis and require a thorough evaluation for clinical significance.
In this review, we focus on treatment strategies for patients with monoclonal gammopathies that are not multiple myeloma, including smoldering multiple myeloma, light-chain amyloidosis, and Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Recognition has become all the more important as we understand how to triage the 4% to 9% of patients with monoclonal gammopathies depending on age, with the goal of limiting overdiagnosis and misdiagnosis. Early recognition of monoclonal gammopathies along with a careful workup are essential in determining the next steps in the care of a given patient. This change has created a challenge for patients and clinicians, as a monoclonal gammopathy may be a harbinger not of multiple myeloma but of other lymphoproliferative disorders such as light-chain amyloidosis and Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Once accepted as a possible precursor condition to multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathies as an entity are now associated with many renal, neurologic, and dermatologic disorders of clinical significance.
The information regarding the projects is sourced through secondary information sources such as country specific utility players, company news and reports, statistical organisations, regulatory body, government planning reports and their publications and is further validated through primary from various stakeholders such as power utility companies, consultants, energy associations of respective countries, government bodies and professionals from leading players in the power sector.Our knowledge of monoclonal gammopathies is continuously evolving. The company operates in Minnesota, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Michigan, the US.Īll publicly-announced T&D Line & Substation projects included in this analysis are drawn from GlobalData’s Power IC. ATC’s projects include Quad County Electric Reliability Project, Spring Valley-North Lake Geneva Electric Reliability Project and Badger Coulee Transmission Line Project, among others. It offers electric transmission service in an area from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, throughout the eastern half of Wisconsin and into portions of Illinois.
The company’s transmission system allows energy producers to transport electric power. American Transmission Company LLC (ATC), a subsidiary of WEC Energy Group Inc is an electric transmission service provider that owns, operates and builds electric transmission lines.
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